Fluid compressor



W. s. WELLIAMS FLUID COMPRES$OR Um. 22, W25- Filed Dec. 19, 1921 2Sheets-Sheet 1 Pm "m 9 9 W. WELMAM FLUID COMPRESSOR Filed Dec, 19 1921EU we Patented Dec. 22, 1925. v V I UNITED STATES PATENT oF ic-a.

' 'WINFIELD SCOTT WILLIAMS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS. I

FLUID conranssoa.

A pplication filed December 19,1921. Serial useful Improvement in aFluid Compressor,

of which the following is a specification.

= number of mg parts,

increase of elliciency, oil and dium, and other My invention relates toimprovements in fluid compressors, and. more especially in applicationto refrigerating or ice machines inwhich is employed the cold producingproperty of expanding gas liquefiable under mechanical compression.

Among my primary objects are a small parts, 'a' small number ofworkslmplicity of assemblage and dissemblage, strength and durability ofparts, efiiciency with sustained delivery, automatic gas proof, aminimization of valves, easy access to valves, large valves and largebearing surfaces insuring positiveness, automatically self cleansingvalves, 'automatic modification of temperature by utilization of thefluid meobjects which will appear herein.

The drawings illustrate an embodiment of my invention, but-I do notlimit myself to this detail construction as many variat-ions will appearto'one conversant with the art.

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation showing internal form and assemblage.

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation at right angles to Fig. 1 on line 2-2,as indicated by arrows. f

Figure 3 is a broken section of a valve seat and valve.

Figure 4 is a sectional elevation of a piston and valve assemblage alongline 4-4, of Fig. 2.

Figure 5 is a cross-section of a cylinderhead on line 5 5, Fig. 1.

Figure 6 is a cross section on line 6-6, Fig. 1; and

Figure 7 is a cross section on line 77, Fig. 2.

,--Although my invention is in the broad field of compressors, I desireto more par ticularly describe it as related to the comression of suchfluids as carbon dioxide. 11 the com ression of such fluids convertingthe same rom a gaseous state to a liquid state to secure efficiency,durabilityand economy, is to attain a much to be desired quality. Asillustrated, my housing struc- -mechanisin is easily ture composed oftwo parts 1 and 10,.tlie

two beinggorned in such approved method as I may deem'best. The unitaryelement 1 consists'of a crank housing, an'oil reservoir,

a cylinder head; and a cylinderwith an integral 'gas jacket; the elementassociated with element 1 forms a unit having only one joint, andthatone so related the made oil tight and gas tight; the union beingpreferably below the line of the shaft. The said unit is provided with aboss 2 being designed as the shaft 12 opening and a bearing, a boss 3having-abore 16 designed as a shaftbear ing, opening only into a crankcase 9; also a valve seat opening 4. A cylinder 6having a spaced area 7concentric therewith communicates with said spaced area 7-.

through ports 8, and said spaced area;7 communicates with an externalsource of supply through a port 8; .-the cylinder further communicatingwith a chamber 9, which chamber 9'is enclosed by a base 10 containincylinders or wells 11; 1 2.-is a driving s aft connected with a sourceof spring 17 operating-in a bore lanrgaea.

to secure a longitudinal tension upon said shaft 12. Eccentrics 19 areunitary as related to each other, and are unitary with shaft 12 when thedevice is assembled for action, but they are removable for disassemblingEccentric straps 20 operating on eccentrics 19 are 'ournaled on wristpins 22, fixedly a part of drive arm 21. The said drive arm 21 has oneither end thereof and unitary therewith pistons 23 and 23; 23 beingdesigned, primarily, as a guide to sustain themore perfect alignment ofpiston 23 of drive arm 21. Piston 23 has a plurality of rings 24thereon; ports '25 transversely perforating the piston andcommunic'ating with a longitudinal bore 26; said longitudinal bore 26terminating at one end in aconical valve seat 27 and at bya flan e 36.Functioning '-,in said bore 26, 1 provide a valve having a substantiallytriangular stem 28, ports 29 transverse split ends 37 until they aredrive-fit to pisston 23, the lower kerf beingg nsed toexpand" fullyassembled. T j iva thereof adapted to register with ports in piston 23,and communicating with a longitudinal bore which said bore 30 com--municates with ports 32'tra'nsversely per forating the said valve at thebase of a conieal head 83 and registering with an annular groove 31.

The valve stem '28 is shown having three sides-triangular form in crosssection, but the same is intended to indicate a plurality of sides butnot to any limit of number or form. This piston valve is readilyRCCGSSlble through opening 4 in the cylinder head; said valveconstruction and arrangement is 35 to give positiveness to the valvereturn;

this spring 35 bears against a shoulder 36.

The drawings show piston 23' to be made of a separate piece from thebody of drivearm 21, but threadedly attached thereto, and to insurerigidity and security, I provide a split end 37 to the drive armstudhaving a conical seat, andan ex )ander 38- ed i threa n said stud; saidexpan or having kerfs 89 in either end thereof adapted to ropel it.-When the parts are being assem- Ie the. upper kerf 39 is used to expandct "fit after it is the split ends 37 to a, or

may be made o filox'ieipiece instead of .the structure asabove"described, withoat ileparting front thespirit of the inventi'iu Iprovide avalve 40 with a plurality of flutinfs 41 on its periphery, andastem- 42 seate in a valve cage 44 on a valve seat 47. Said valve cage44 has transverse rforations or ports 45 communicating wit an annulargroove 48 and which said )orts 45 and groove 46 register with an outletmanifold 50 in the cylinder head. The valve 40 is made positive in itsaction by a spring 43 encircling stem 42 and held positioned and alinedin a nut cap48. 1- preferably thread valve on e 44 to a seating at. topof the cylinder 6 mt I may hold it to a seating by other means. Thevalve 40, and valve cage 44 are sealedby an cnclosin r cap 49 threadedinto-the cylinder head.

. factors in such a device. Removing cap 49 {access is had immediatelyto valve 40and.

specially designed for efiiciency and selfand piston to the y this.design I i ,have lmmediate'accessto the only movable 'valvesl n themechanism, which :are vital I )rovide longitudinal bores 51 in piston23' aving openings adjacent to wrist'rpins 22 and the eccentric straps20 whereby oil amber 9, the chamber 9 being used as an oil reservoir.Threaded into boss 2, I provide a bushin 52 extending into chamber 9,and I provir e a washer 53 internal of said chamber 9 between the, innerface of said lmshing 52 and a face of collar 13 on shaft 12; this washer53 is preferably a material such as fibre. The bushing 2 with collar 13and-washer 5'6 in combination with spring 17 and the back pressure ofthe refrigeratin r medium lIl chamber 9 are designed to sea chamber 9 aainst leakage of oil or gas alon the line of s left 12. 54 is a washerintender to insure sealing the threading on bushing 52. is a roller orother type of bearing assembled in bushing 52.

- A shown, the device consists of three unitary elements interrelatedand interdendent; viz., a housing enclosing the worklng mechanism; adriving element and a driven element; the driving element consisting ofthe shaft with the eccentrics locked thereon and a sealing collar is asingle complete unit; The driven clement consists of the drive armandpiston associated with the eccentric strap?- the inlet valve is unitarywith the driven element and the outlet valve is unitary wi-th the housinelement. The medium to be compresse enters the housing, at 8, and passesto the 8 seed area 7 surrounding the cylinder, rom thence it passesthrough ports 8 during the downward stroke of the piston iniston throughports 25 and from thence t rough the iston into the compression chamber(3. iv ion the pistonv begins its upward stroke the piston valve closesand the fluid when'com )rcssed passes the 'valve in the cylinder headand out throhgh port 50. In lpractice, the refrigerating fluid isdeliveret to the machine as a gas at a certain temperature, and at acertain pressure, and is point of perfect livcred out of the machine ata higher temperature-and a higher pressure.

tact \rith a any of the cylinder any of the l-e'frigera'ting. fluidclannels and chamber 9, but a pressure is built up qin theeharnber;9 by'reasonof see 'fiage ofthe refrigerating medium along" e linesl of thepiston, and "this seepage continues until the" pressure in chamberfl) isequal'tov the press sure of "thezrefrigprating medium as yit-isdelivered to the compressor on its suction o1" low-side. "To effect asimple andfper-y feet sealing ILtake advantage; otv tlns condit'ion;thecollai; 13 on, the shaft 12 hiaS1tS' exposed facenw'here the pressurein. the

\ ways in direct ali'gmnent t ere'w thland jth strain of compression is,taken wlie n; the, parts are 1 in? best positionfito sustain (suchactivity,

chamber 9. is V excited: directly v upon- 'it; the line of theshaft 12,forcing and maintaming said shaft 12 with the collar la up against thewasher 53 -and ,the washer "53 is maintained by said pressure againstthe face ofthe bushingfiQ; I also'take advantage of the saidpressui'e inchamber, 9 0perat ng on the inner. end of the-shaft 12 inl oss' 3; thespringl'i' is designed to giv ei initial longitudinal compression upon,the shaft 12 and then acts .in combinationwith the. gas pressure builtup in-the chamber- :9

to sustain the sealing describedFiT-he bearings are all: large'in proortionato the mechanism." The connections ;;between;.;th

driving-element andthe driven'element below? the lineof the jdrivinzelen entiand 7 strain." The strain of compression s always sustainedinadirect'lirie with the pistons "id'e'thrust is reduced to a -mini-zmum and torsional. stra'in' is practically,

eliminatedj v i a, -The device, ashshown, has two cylinders,-

but the principles and constructionare'the' same whether used with a.single cylinderor a plurality'of cylinders. a \Vhat I claim is:

chambered piston-reciprocati being provided with eoa'cting ports establishing registerin communication-between the interior of said pistonand'the chamber surrounding said compression chai'iiber}for-.-

all positions ofsaidlpiston;

2. In afluid com ressor acylinder haying spaced yvall's defining acompressioncham be and a cooling chamber surrounding saidpressiod'chamber an means for reciprocatmg said piston, saidcylinder andpiston .be-

ing provided withcoacting ports establish-- ing' communication betweenthe interior of I iiaee or s; and iliere is no. Open conne i pression.chamber,

said piston and the chamber surrounding said' 'compression chamben aport insaid piston and a port in sa d cylinder being al-jways-inregistering communicationfor all positions of saidpiston.

3.3 InE-a-fluid compressor a casing constitiiting a fiuid and liquidltight receptacle consisting ofa cylinder having an integral spaced innerand outer walls defining a compression chamber and a chamber encirclingsaid; compression chamber,-. integral there- I with 1 ashaft'gchamberand lubricant reser-' znvoir; and enclosing sealing platebelow the level of thelubricant line.

grfl id compressor a cylinder having an integral cylinder head andfprovided with integral spaced inner and outer walls de- Ifining acompression chamber and a chamber enoirelin said com ression chamber, a

. P shaft casmg integral-wit said cylinder, said,

y 1 the back pressure cylinder; head and provided with integral shaft-casing forming alubricant reservoir; and enclosing sealing plate belowthe level of the lubricant where ofa'fluid being compressed coacts withand 131 gs aid lubricant .to seal the. housing f spaced-walls definingacompressionchamber 4 lcoolingfchamber surroun'ding said mprefssion,chamber,=,a chambered piston I controlled" -.valvel=1' ireciprocatingsai compression tainingan ,iautomaticall ber ahd means 'for.reciprocating said p1ston,'.sa1 d cylinder'and piston being pro-' vi'd dith coactingports establishing regis- }.-te communicationbetween theinterior 'of'fsa d piston and the chamber surroii'iidingpsaidcompres'sion'chamber, the port in said zrpisto nybeingalwaysin'registry with a port 1m saidrcylinder; v

'i 6. .In a fluid compressor a cylinder having spaced walls definingacompression chamber-{and acooling chamber surrounding said compressionchamber, a chambered piston reciprocating in said compression chamberand means for reciprocating .said piston, said cylinderand piston beingprovided with coactuig ports establishing registering commumcatronbetween the interior of said pis ton and the chamber ism-rounding saidcom- I ndlsaid surrdunding :chamber extending endwise beyond saidcompression chambers In a machine for compressing a re-' friger'ant, acyl nder having a compression chamber, acooling chamber and a chamberedpiston, an inlet for refrigerantat compara- I ftively low temperatureand pressure into compression. chamber,- a chambered lStOILvalyescontrolled' reol rocating in. sai comsaidcooling chamber andregistering means for maintaining constant communication be- "tween theinteriorof? said piston and said tween the interior of said piston andsaid cooling chamber, said cooling chamber extending into the head'ofsaid cylinder beyond the end of said compression chamber, said inletbeing near said cylinder head.

9. In a device of the'character described, a. cylinder, a' shaft housinghaving a shaft 0 ning, a shaft extending into said housing t rough saidopening, and means for sealin the housing around said shaft againstescape of fluid under pressure in said hens in comprising a member onsaid shaft movab ie toward said housing by fluid pressure, said memberhaving a flat face exposed to the pressure of said fluid.

10. In a device of the character described, a cylinder, a shaft housinghaving a shaft 0 enin a shaft extending into said housing t roug saidopening, and means for sealing the housing around said shaft againstescape of fluid under pressure in said housing comprising a member -onsaid shaft movable toward said housing by fluid pres sure, said memberhaving a flat face exposed to the pressure of said fluid transverse tothe direction of movement thereof, and a gasket mounted between the wallof said housing, and said member.

11. In a fluid compressor, a cylinder having spaced walls defining, acompression chamber and a cooling chamber surrounding said compressionchamber, a chambered piston reciprocating in said compression chamber,automatic valve mechanism carried by said piston for' establishingcommunication between said compression chamber and the interior of saidlston when moving in one direction and sealing said chamber from saidpiston when moving in the opposite direction, andmeans for reciprocatingsaid piston, saidcylinder and piston being provided I with co-actingports establishing registering communication between the interior ofsaid piston and the chamber surrounding said compression chamber for allpositions of said piston.

12. In a fluid compressor, a casing constituting a fluid tightreceptacle consisting of a cylinder having an integral cylinder head andprovided with integral spaced inner and outer" walls defininga-compression chamber and ',a chamber encircling said compressioncliamber and integral therewith a shaft clramber and lubricantreservoir; and enclosing sealing plate below the level of the lubricantline: an actuating shaft extending into said casing, an eccentric insaid casing operatively assembled on said shaft, a

stituting a fluicftight receptacle, an 'actuat- 7 ing shaft extendinginto said casing,an eccentric in said casingoperatively assembled. onsaid shaft, acylinder, a piston operating therein and an eccentric strapcarried by sai piston surrounding said eccentric, said eccentric havinga limited play relative to said strap axially of said shaft. v

' 14. In a fluid compressor, a casing constituting a fluid tightreceptacle, an actuating shaftextending into said casing, an eccentricin said casing o eratively assembled on 'lltl shaft, :1 cylin er, apiston operatin therein, an eccentric strap carried by sai pistonsurrounding said eccentric, said eccentric having a limited playrelative to said strap axially of saidshaft, and means on said shaft forsealing the casing adjacfint said shaftby axial pressure of said aft.

15. In a fluid compressor, a casing constituting a fluid tightreceptacle, an actuating shaft extending into said casing, an eccentricin said casing operatively positioned on said shaft, cylinders, pistonsoperatin in said cylinders, and eccentric straps eaci ro-operating withan eccentric surface of said eccentric member, the shaft assemblagehaving a limited axial play, each eccentric strag having means pivotallyassociating it wit the piston member whereby the shaft may beautomatically sustained in sealing relation to the housing.

16. A device for the purposes described, consisting of a cylinder and ashaft housing, a fluid compressing mechanism operatin tlu win. a drivingshaft projecting into an operating in said housing, a bushing encirclinga portion of said shaft, 2. disk fixedly assembled on-said shaft insidesaid housing and adjacent said bushing, a washer assembled on said shaftbetween a face of the disk' and the inner face of the bushing incombination with a back pressure of the refrigerating medium acting uponthe exposed surface of the disk whereby the fluid contents are sealedagainst emission. p

17. In amechanism of the class described,

a straight drive shaft receiving power from opening, a shaft extending13o incense the pressure of said fluid transverse to the direction ofmovement thereof, and a gasof non-ferrous material mounted ben the wailof said housing and said mem- In a device for the purposes described, e,cyiinder, a piston functioning therein, a ci -mber tributary to saidcyiinder, a pieion functioning mechanism therein consisting of a drivingshaft and driving connections; said drive shaft having connection withan external source of power, means for sealing said chamber and saidshaft against fluid emission. consisting of disk unitary with saidsheft, s Weshez assembled between said disk and e face of the shaftbearing, in combination with e tension element Whereby said shaft ismaintained fluid tight, and the back pressure of the refrigeratingmedium acting in the chember against the exposed surface of the disk.

20. In a mechanism of the cless described wherein it medium iscompressed which said I medium is delivered to the cylinder initiallyate pressure greater than atmospheric pres sure; said mechanismcomprising a, cylinder, a piston functioning there1n,a shaft housing anda piston functioning mechanism in said housing, having association witha drive shaft receiving power from on external source, said shaft havingthereon an annular flange, one face of said flange adapted to press andoperate against a disk, which disk is in contact association with aninner face of a hearing bushing; the inner exposed face of the flange onthe shaft'coecting with a pressure exerted by the said medium to se cureand maintain a sealing of said housing and shaft against the emission ofthe said medium along the line of said shaft.

v21. In a gas compressor, in combination, e shaft chamber and associatedtherewith a cylinder with an exterior gas chamber, ports communicatingthe gas chamber with the cylinder, a piston having a, valve controlledpassage, ports in said piston constantly registering with the ports inthe cylinder a straight driveshaft having means whereby to automaticallyseal the shaft chamber.

Signed st Chicago, county of Cook, and State ofi Illinois, this 15th dayof December, 1921.

WinrinLn scorr WILLIAMS.

